The aim of this book is to describe contemporary analytical and semi­ analytical techniques for solving typical celestial-mechanics problems. The word "techniques" is used here as a term intermediate between "methods" and "recipes". One often conceives some method of solution of a problem as a general mathematical tool, while not taking much care with its computa­ tional realization. On the other hand, the word "recipes" may nowadays be understood in the sense of the well-known book Numerical Recipes (Press et al. , 1992), where it means both algorithms and their specific program realiza­ tion in Fortran, C or Pascal. Analytical recipes imply the use of some general or specialized computer algebra system (CAS). The number of different CAS currently employed in celestial mechanics is too large to specify just a few of the most preferable systems. Besides, it seems reasonable not to mix the essence of any algorithm with its particular program implementation. For these reasons, the analytical techniques of this book are to be regarded as algorithms to be implemented in different ways depending on the hardware and software available. The book was preceded by Analytical Algorithms of Celestial Mechanics by the same author, published in Russian in 1980. In spite of there being much common between these books, the present one is in fact a new mono­ graph.

This book introduces the techniques used for the analysis of polymers. It covers the main aspects of polymer science and technology; identification, polymerization, molecular weight, structure, surface properties, degradation and mechanical properties.

Covering the huge developments in sensor technology and electronic sensing devices that have occurred in the last 10 years, this book uses an open learning format to encourage reader understanding of the subject.

This book covers all aspects of bioavailability, as related to environmental contaminants. After a discussion of the definition of bioavailability and its context, focus is placed on the role of risk assessment and bioavailability. Methods of analysis are then discussed including a range of atomic spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques for metal analysis and chromatographic approaches for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The occurrence, properties and eco-toxicity of POPs and metals in the soil/sediment environment are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the uptake of POPs and metals by plants (phytoextraction). Examples of POPs and metals in the environment are reviewed.

This book compiles the advanced analytical techniques used in Dairy Chemistry research. It begins with the basic laboratory techniques and progresses towards techniques like spectroscopy, membrane processes, Western blotting etc. It provides step-by-step protocols for easy reproduction.