This volume provides detailed insight into the field of precision spectroscopy and fundamental physics with particles confined in traps. It comprises experiments with electrons and positrons, protons and antiprotons, antimatter and highly charged ions together with corresponding theoretical background. Such investigations represent stringent tests of quantum electrodynamics and the Standard model, antiparticle and antimatter research, test of fundamental symmetries, constants and their possible variations with time and space. They are key to various aspects within metrology such as mass measurements and time standards, as well as promising to further developments in quantum information processing.

The permutation group has gained prominence in the fundamental research in diverse areas of physics and chemistry. Covering all salient developments of the last few years in a single symposium would require weeks, legions of participants and parallel sessions, highlighting the differences in language and communication problems between pure mathematicians, high and low energy physicists and chemists. The symposium held July 1978 at the Centre of Interdisciplinary Studies of the University of Bielefeld focussed on a small area, the pertinence of the permutation group in chemical physics, with the goal to increase and generate a fruitful dialogue between mathe­ maticians and chemists. In chemistry, concerned with the electronic and geometric structure of molecules as well as elementary chemical reactions, i.e. rearrangements in these structures, the permutation group has its relevance, since with its representations the effects and consequences of exchanging indistin­ guishable particles, electrons and identical nuclei, can be systematized and classified. This may be exemplified by a brief survey of the lectures presented, which may also serve as a first orientation· to the articles of this volume. In the first two contributions by A. Kerber and J.G. Nourse, the permutation group is used in the counting and systemtaic generation of stereoisomers aiding in the elucidation of possible molecular structures. The dynamics of stereochemistry is considered in the next article by J.G.

This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on "Par­ tial Differential Equations" held in HolzhaujErzgebirge, Germany, July 3~9, 1994. The conference was sponsored by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, the Deutsche For­ schungsgemeinschaft, the Land Brandenburg and the Freistaat Sachsen. It was initiated by the Max-Planck-Research Group "Partielle Differential­ gleichungen und Komplexe Analysis" at the University of Potsdam as one of the annual meetings of the research group. This conference is part of a series begun by the former Karl-Weierstraf3-Institute of Mathematics in Berlin, with the confer­ ences in Ludwigsfelde 1976, Reinhardsbrunn 1985, Holzhau 1988 (proceedings in the Teubner Texte zur Mathematik 112, Teubner-Verlag 1989), Breitenbrunn 1990 (proceedings in the Teubner Texte zur Mathematik 131, Teubner-Verlag 1992), and Lambrecht 1991 (proceedings in Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, Vol. 57, Birkhiiuser Verlag 1992); subsequent conferences took place in Potsdam in 1992 and 1993 under the auspices of the Max-Planck-Research Group "Partielle Differentialgleichungen und Komplexe Analysis" at the University of Potsdam. It was the intention of the organizers to bring together specialists from differ­ ent areas of modern analysis, geometry and mathematical physics to discuss not only recent progress in the respective disciplines but also to encourage interaction between these fields. The scientific advisory board of the Holzhau conference consisted of S. Al­ beverio (Bochum), L. Boutet de Monvel (Paris), M. Demuth (Clausthal), P. Gilkey (Eugene), B. Gramsch (Mainz), B. Helffer (Paris), S.T. Kuroda (Tokyo), B.-W. Schulze (Potsdam).

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Fundamental Tests of Physics with Optically Trapped Microspheres details experiments on studying the Brownian motion of an optically trapped microsphere with ultrahigh resolution and the cooling of its motion towards the quantum ground state.

This up-to-date volume reviews the recent contributions of electron-positron colliders to the precision test of the electroweak Standard Model. In particular, it contains a short summary of the measurements at the Z resonance and gives an overview of the electroweak processes above the Z. Subsequently, the measurement of the W mass at LEP is discussed in detail. The implications for the precision test of the Standard Model are presented, giving the status of the global electroweak fit before the startup of Large Hadron Collider. The final chapters give an outlook on the electroweak physics at a future linear collider. The book also features many illustrations and tables. Readers obtain a coherent overview of the results of 20 years of electroweak physics conducted at electron-positron colliders.

One of the most important questions concerning the foundations of physics, especially since the discovery of relativity and quantum theory, is the nature and role of time. In this book we bring together researchers from different areas of physics, mathematics, computer science and philosophy to discuss the role time plays in physics. There have been few books on this topic to date, and two of the key aims of the workshop and this book are to encourage more researchers to explore this area, and to pique students’ interest in the different roles time plays in physics.

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This thesis reports on the first studies of Standard Model photon production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using the ATLAS detector. Standard Model photon production is a large background in the search for Higgs bosons decaying into photon pairs, and is thus critical to understand. The thesis explains the techniques used to reconstruct and identify photon candidates using the ATLAS detector, and describes a measurement of the production cross section for isolated prompt photons. The thesis also describes a search for the Higgs boson in which the analysis techniques used in the measurement are exploited to reduce and estimate non-prompt backgrounds in diphoton events.